Friday, January 2, 2026
Facebook Instagram Linkedin Twitter Youtube
Home Blog Page 101

Top 7 Countries Supporting International Students With Spousal Visa Options

UK Visa

For many Nigerians considering “japa” for study, the decision is no longer just about the cost of tuition, scholarship opportunities, or university rankings. Increasingly, the ability to bring one’s spouse and children along and whether those family members are allowed to work or study has become a decisive factor. After all, moving abroad alone can create financial strain and emotional separation, while bringing family can provide stability and support.

As of 2025, countries have introduced new policies on dependent or spousal visas. While some have become more flexible, others are tightening their rules. Below is a country-by-country breakdown of what international students and their families can expect.

Australia

Australia remains one of the most family-friendly destinations for international students. The Department of Home Affairs allows spouses and children to be included at the time of application for the Subclass 500 Student Visa or added later via a dependent visa pathway.

One of the biggest draws is the work rights available to spouses. Partners of postgraduate research students, such as those pursuing a Master’s by Research or a PhD, are granted unlimited work rights, meaning they can work full-time without restriction. For spouses of undergraduate or taught postgraduate students, work is capped at 48 hours per fortnight once the student’s course has commenced.

In addition to employment rights, spouses are also allowed to take short-term study programmes without needing a separate visa. This flexibility makes Australia attractive to couples who want to advance their education together. With its strong economy, multicultural environment, and high standard of living, Australia continues to be one of the most practical destinations for student families.

Canada

Canada has long been considered a top destination for Nigerian students, partly because of its welcoming stance toward family inclusion. However, recent changes have tightened eligibility for dependent visas.

As of January 2025, only spouses of students enrolled in master’s programs lasting 16 months or longer, doctoral programs, or certain professional degrees are eligible for the Spousal Open Work Permit. Spouses of undergraduate students are no longer covered under the policy.

Where approved, the spousal permit typically runs for the same duration as the student’s study permit, and it allows partners to work full-time for any employer in Canada. This significantly reduces financial pressure on the family. In addition, spouses and children can access Canada’s public healthcare system, and children are entitled to free public schooling, which makes family life more affordable.

Canada’s policies make it particularly attractive for postgraduate families, although the restrictions mean undergraduates may need to explore alternatives.

New Zealand

New Zealand offers one of the most straightforward family support systems for students. Spouses of eligible students can apply for the Partner of a Student Work Visa, which grants them full-time work rights. In addition, partners can study for up to three months without needing a separate visa, allowing for career or personal development alongside work.

Children of international students also benefit, as they may qualify for domestic tuition rates at schools, lowering education costs for the family. New Zealand is often praised for its safe, community-oriented environment, relatively small population, and high quality of life — factors that make it an appealing destination for young families.

The country also has generous post-study work visa options, which means that families can transition more easily from study to permanent residency, especially in high-demand fields like healthcare, IT, and engineering.

United Kingdom (UK)

The UK has historically been one of the most popular study-abroad destinations for Nigerians. However, recent policy changes have narrowed the rules around dependents.

Currently, only students enrolled in postgraduate research programs (such as PhD, MRes, or MPhil) or those on government-funded scholarships are allowed to bring their spouses and children under the Student Dependent Visa system. Spouses who qualify are granted unrestricted work rights, meaning they can take up employment full-time in any sector.

For those who do qualify, the UK offers excellent healthcare through the National Health Service (NHS), access to world-class schools for children, and opportunities in a large, diverse job market. However, with higher living costs and stricter dependent rules since 2024, the UK has become less accessible for undergraduates or taught postgraduate students.

United States (USA)

The U.S. remains one of the most attractive destinations due to the sheer prestige of its universities and research facilities. However, when it comes to spousal visas, it is one of the more restrictive countries.

Spouses of students on F-1 visas are issued F-2 visas, which allow them to reside in the U.S. but not work. They may take part-time courses, but full-time post-secondary study requires switching to an F-1 visa themselves. Children are allowed to attend school at the primary and secondary levels.

For students on J-1 exchange visitor visas, the situation is slightly better. Their spouses are given J-2 visas, which allow them to apply for work authorization. This flexibility makes the J-1 route more attractive for those concerned about spousal support.

Overall, while the U.S. is academically unmatched, its dependent visa system poses challenges for families hoping to rely on dual incomes.

Germany

Germany’s Family Reunion Visa system is among the most supportive for international student families. Spouses of students can join them once a residence permit is granted, and they are typically allowed full work rights, often indicated on their permit with the phrase “Erwerbstätigkeit gestattet” (employment permitted).

Applicants are required to demonstrate proof of adequate income, health insurance, and housing, and in some cases, basic German language skills. However, Germany’s advantages outweigh the hurdles: tuition is either free or very low, and the country offers excellent healthcare and a strong job market in fields such as engineering, IT, and sciences.

Additionally, Germany has a well-defined path to permanent residency and citizenship, making it a long-term option for student families planning to settle.

Ireland

Ireland is fast becoming a hub for international students, especially those in tech-related fields. Spouses of PhD or postgraduate students may join them under a dependent visa scheme, and many are granted a Stamp 1G visa, which permits full-time work.

The appeal lies in Ireland’s growing economy, especially in technology and pharmaceuticals, as well as its status as a hub for multinational corporations like Google, Microsoft, and Pfizer. Families also benefit from access to public education for children and the country’s relatively straightforward permanent residency process after several years of stay.

Short-Term Rates Drop As FAAC Inflows Boost Liquidity

Nigeria Raises Yield On 7-Year Bond Reissue To 18%

Nigeria has raised the interest rate on its reopened 7-year local bond by 2.10 percentage points to 18%, according to results from the Debt Management Office (DMO) August auction.

The DMO offered N200 billion in local bonds at the primary market, a sharp increase from N80 billion in July. The auction featured a new FGN bond maturing in August 2030 alongside the reopening of a June 2032 issue.

Total bids came in at N268.17 billion, with investor appetite tilted towards the reopened 2032 bond, which drew N165.81 billion in subscriptions against a N100 billion offer. The new 2030 paper attracted N102.36 billion in bids, slightly above the N100 billion offered.

The DMO allotted N46.01 billion on the 2030 maturity at a marginal rate of 17.945%, rejecting the balance. For the reopened 2032 bond, N165.81 billion was allotted at a higher spot rate of 18%, marking a 2.10% increase from the previous auction.

NDLEA Uncovers Cartel Behind Pilgrims’ Ordeal In Saudi Arabia

Naira Weakens As Total FX Inflows Drop To $751.70m

The naira depreciated on Monday as total foreign exchange (FX) inflows into Nigeria fell to $751.70 million, down from $787.50 million recorded the previous week, despite interventions by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

Data from the CBN showed that the official exchange rate closed weaker at N1,536.43/$1, compared to N1,535.03/$1 on Friday. The spot rate reached an intraday high of N1,537/$1, reflecting sustained demand pressures in the official window.

In the parallel market, the naira fell more sharply, losing 0.65 percent week-on-week to close at N1,550/$1, as demand outpaced supply in the absence of strong FX support.

To stabilize liquidity, the CBN sold $50 million to banks and offered OMO securities at a spot rate of 25.99 percent for 124-day maturities, a move analysts say is aimed at attracting offshore inflows and keeping them longer in the market.

Breakdown of the inflows showed that exporters contributed $216.10 million, non-bank corporates added $203.90 million, foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) brought in $175.60 million, CBN accounted for $137.40 million, while individuals and other sources made up less than 2.5 percent.

Despite the dip in weekly inflows, Nigeria’s external reserves rose to $41.11 billion as of Friday. Analysts at Coronation Merchant Bank said they expect the naira to trade within its current range in the near term, supported by steady FX inflows and CBN intervention.

Meanwhile, crude oil prices climbed amid renewed geopolitical risks. Brent crude gained 2.08 percent week-on-week to close at $67.22 per barrel, while Bonny Light traded higher at $69.32, maintaining a premium over Brent.

Oil markets were rattled after Russia launched an airstrike near Ukraine’s EU border, while Ukraine retaliated by targeting a Russian refinery and the Unecha pumping station on the Druzhba pipeline—key to Russian oil flows into Europe. Analysts warned that if the disruption escalates, crude prices could trend higher in the coming days.

Tinubu Signs Air Service Agreement With Brazil To Boost Trade And Connectivity

Tinubu Signs Air Service Agreement With Brazil To Boost Trade And Connectivity

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has signed a Bilateral Air Service Agreement (BASA) with Brazil, in a move aimed at strengthening economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties between the two largest economies in Africa and South America.

The agreement, signed yesterday in Brasília during Tinubu’s two-day working visit to Brazil, provides a framework for direct air connectivity between both nations. Officials say the pact will open new opportunities in trade, tourism, investment, and cultural exchange, while deepening cooperation in aviation and beyond.

Strengthening bilateral ties

The Memorandum of Understanding was signed by Nigeria’s Minister of Aviation and Aerospace Development, Festus Keyamo, and Brazil’s Minister of Transport, Silvio Costa Filho, in the presence of both Heads of State.

A statement issued by Keyamo’s media aide, Tunde Moshood, described the agreement as a “strategic milestone” that underscores Tinubu’s commitment to expanding Nigeria’s global partnerships and enabling cross-border commerce and mobility.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva welcomed the accord, expressing readiness to broaden cooperation with Nigeria not only in aviation, but also in agriculture and infrastructure development.

Tinubu was accompanied by senior cabinet members, including the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Olawale Edun; Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Bianca Onoh Ojukwu; and Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, Abubakar Kyari, among others.

The President is also expected to hold talks with the President of the Brazilian Senate, the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Federal Court.

Beyond aviation, the working visit is expected to focus on wider areas of economic integration, with high-level engagements between Nigerian and Brazilian delegations across multiple sectors.

For Nigeria, the BASA agreement signals a step towards greater global connectivity at a time when the government is seeking to attract foreign investment and diversify the economy. For Brazil, it represents an opportunity to consolidate its presence in Africa’s largest market.

Officials from both countries have framed the agreement as more than a transport deal, describing it as the beginning of a new era of strategic cooperation between Lagos and Brasília.

ECOWAS Unveils $2.5bn Counter-Terrorism Force To Confront Sahel Crisis

ECOWAS Unveils $2.5bn Counter-Terrorism Force To Confront Sahel Crisis

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has announced plans to raise an annual budget of $2.5 billion to activate a 260,000-strong rapid deployment counter-terrorism brigade, signalling one of the bloc’s boldest military initiatives to date in the face of worsening insecurity in the region.

The move, unveiled at the 2025 African Chiefs of Defence Staff Summit in Abuja, comes amid warnings that the Sahel has become the epicentre of global terrorism, accounting for more than half of worldwide terrorism-related deaths in 2024 alone.

Urgent response to a deepening crisis

ECOWAS Commission President, Omar Touray, represented by the Commissioner for Political Affairs, Peace and Security, Ambassador Abdel-Fatau Musah, told defence chiefs that the proposed force would provide rapid intervention capacity, logistics, and direct support to frontline states under siege from extremist groups.

“West Africa, in particular the Sahel sub-region, has emerged as the epicentre of global terrorism, with several analytical surveys indicating that the Sahel accounted for 51 per cent of global terrorism deaths in 2024 alone,” Touray said.

While ECOWAS has long pursued the creation of a 5,000-man brigade under the African Peace and Security Architecture, Touray noted that current realities demand a larger, more agile structure. The 260,000-man force, he explained, would address asymmetric threats that have defied conventional responses.

A joint meeting of defence and finance ministers is scheduled for Friday in Abuja to finalise funding modalities for the force. ECOWAS also hopes to secure multilateral backing, including the redemption of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2719 pledge, which promises to cover 75 per cent of African-led peace support operations.

Beyond terrorism: maritime security and organised crime

Touray added that the regional bloc is also advancing plans to operationalise its integrated maritime security strategy, anchored on three regional maritime centres and a coordinating hub in Abuja. The initiative is designed to combat piracy and transnational organised crime that threaten the Gulf of Guinea and wider regional stability.

Experts call for African solutions

Former Minister of External Affairs, Prof. Ibrahim Gambari, warned that Africa is now grappling with more than 1,000 insurgent groups, citing findings from the African Research Network for Regional and Global Governance Innovation.

He urged African states to strengthen homegrown defence industries, invest in indigenous technologies, and design security architectures tailored to the continent’s realities.

“Africa’s collective security can only be enhanced with active, practical, and proactive collaboration at regional and continental levels,” Gambari stressed, calling for joint training, interoperability of armaments, shared intelligence, and improved capacity in airlift and logistics.

Nigeria urges modernisation and unity

Nigeria’s Chief of Defence Staff, General Christopher Musa, echoed these sentiments, describing Africa as standing “on the edge of unprecedented opportunity” due to its youthful population and resources, but warned that violent extremism, organised crime, piracy, and climate-induced conflicts threaten to erode those prospects.

“These challenges recognise no borders. They are resilient and demand a response that is equally dynamic, unified, and strategic,” Musa said.

He noted that the nature of warfare is shifting, with new threats emerging in cyberspace and digital domains, and urged African militaries to invest in cyber defence, artificial intelligence, and indigenous military technologies.

“The enemy is within. As chiefs of defence staff, we must lead the charge in modernising our forces. Without such investments, it will be difficult to achieve the security we desire,” Musa cautioned.

The proposed counter-terrorism brigade represents a turning point for ECOWAS, reflecting both the urgency of the region’s security crisis and the bloc’s ambition to take ownership of its defence architecture.

Yet questions remain over funding, political will, and the ability of member states to sustain such an ambitious force. For now, ECOWAS leaders are betting that shared resolve and stronger collaboration will turn the tide in a region struggling to keep its people safe.

Nigeria’s Debt Burden Deepens as Ratio To GDP Hits 52.2%

NDLEA Uncovers Cartel Behind Pilgrims’ Ordeal In Saudi Arabia

The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) says it has dismantled a major drug trafficking syndicate believed to have orchestrated the wrongful detention of three Nigerian pilgrims in Saudi Arabia.

At the centre of the bust is a 55-year-old alleged cartel leader, Mohammed Ali Abubakar, also known as Bello Karama, who was arrested alongside five members of his network at the Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (MAKIA) in Kano.

NDLEA spokesperson, Femi Babafemi, who briefed journalists in Abuja yesterday, said the arrests followed weeks of investigation after petitions from families of three Nigerians arrested in Jeddah on suspicion of drug trafficking.

The detained pilgrims – Mrs Maryam Hussain Abdullahi, Mrs Abdullahi Bahijja Aminu and Mr Abdulhamid Saddiq – had embarked on pilgrimage trips but were later linked to bags containing narcotics allegedly checked in under their names.

According to NDLEA findings, the syndicate planted the illicit bags on the unsuspecting pilgrims by checking them in at the airport under their travel details, while the cartel leader, Abubakar, boarded a different airline to Jeddah. The drugs were subsequently discovered in Saudi Arabia, leading to the detention of the innocent travellers.

Those arrested in connection with the case include Abdulbasit Adamu, Murtala Akande Olalekan and Celestina Emmanuel Yayock. Four of the suspects have already been charged in court, while investigations continue into the wider network.

Nigeria, Saudi authorities in talks

NDLEA Chairman, Brigadier General Mohamed Buba Marwa (rtd.), is expected to meet with a delegation from the General Directorate of Narcotics Control (GDNC) of Saudi Arabia to present Nigeria’s findings and push for the release of the detained citizens.

“Nigeria will never abandon its citizens, especially when the facts clearly show that they are victims of criminal conspiracies,” Marwa said.

Strengthening airport security

Babafemi added that the operation was carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Aviation and Aerospace Development, the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), Aviation Security, and the Department of State Services (DSS).

As part of preventive measures, new security protocols have been introduced at MAKIA to tighten screening processes and reduce the risk of criminal infiltration of passenger luggage.

The case has renewed public debate on airport security lapses and the vulnerability of Nigerian travellers abroad. For the families of those wrongly detained in Saudi Arabia, however, the NDLEA breakthrough offers hope that justice may soon be served.

Nigeria’s Debt Burden Deepens as Ratio To GDP Hits 52.2%

Nigeria’s Debt Burden Deepens as Ratio To GDP Hits 52.2%

…projections suggest levels could approach 60% by 2027

Nigeria’s debt challenge has entered a new phase. By the end of 2024, the country’s debt-to-GDP ratio climbed to 52.25 per cent, a sharp rise that not only breached the Federal Government’s self-imposed threshold of 40 per cent but also reignited long-standing concerns about fiscal sustainability.

The latest figures, captured in the Debt Management Office’s (DMO) Medium-Term Debt Management Strategy (MTDS) 2024–2027, mark a steep departure from recent history. Barely five years ago, in 2019, Nigeria’s debt stock represented just 19 per cent of GDP. By 2023, the ratio had risen to 40.57 per cent. Today, it sits closer to levels that were once considered unthinkable.

What is driving the surge?

The DMO points to several factors: new borrowings to finance budget deficits, the issuance of promissory notes, and most significantly, the inclusion of ₦30 trillion in Ways and Means Advances—previously sitting on the books of the Central Bank of Nigeria—into the federal government’s domestic debt profile.

Currency depreciation has also played a decisive role. The naira, which was projected at ₦800 per dollar in the 2024 budget, closed the year at ₦1,535.32 to the dollar. The weaker exchange rate inflated the external debt stock and raised debt servicing costs, further straining public finances.

Although the ratio is above Nigeria’s 40 per cent ceiling, it remains below the 70 per cent benchmark recognised by both the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) debt sustainability framework and the ECOWAS convergence criteria. Yet, projections by the DMO suggest the figure could rise towards 60 per cent by 2027 if current borrowing patterns persist.

Balancing cost and risk

The MTDS is the government’s blueprint for managing its debt burden over the next four years. Developed with technical support from the World Bank and IMF, the document outlines strategies to balance Nigeria’s financing needs against rising costs and risks.

According to the plan, Nigeria aims to diversify its borrowing mix, lengthen debt maturities, and explore new instruments such as the Domestic FGN US Dollar Bond launched in 2024, and proposed ESG-compliant securities.

Despite the rising debt stock, the government met several of its internal sustainability targets. The average time to maturity of federal debt improved to 11.05 years, surpassing the minimum target of 10 years. Short-term debt maturing within one year accounted for 13.91 per cent of the portfolio—well within the 20 per cent ceiling. Similarly, the ratio of long-term to short-term domestic debt stood at 82:18, exceeding the 75:25 benchmark.

Shifting debt composition

Originally, Nigeria targeted a 70:30 ratio of domestic to external debt. By 2024, however, the balance had shifted to 57:43, as external borrowings grew alongside naira devaluation. Analysts warn that this tilt increases exposure to global market shocks, adding another layer of risk.

Despite fiscal headwinds, government projections are cautiously optimistic. The Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning forecasts a rebound in growth: real GDP is expected to expand by 4.6 per cent in 2025, 4.4 per cent in 2026, and 5.5 per cent in 2027, driven by infrastructure spending, agriculture, and social investments.

Inflation, currently in double digits, is projected to decline to about 10 per cent by 2027, aided by tighter fiscal and monetary policies. Interest rates, while high, are expected to moderate gradually.

Yields on short-term government securities are forecast to rise in 2025 before easing by 2027, while longer-term bonds are expected to follow a similar trajectory.

Nigeria’s rising debt profile reflects both the government’s efforts to fund development and the vulnerabilities of an economy exposed to currency shocks and limited revenue mobilisation. While the DMO insists the country is still within internationally acceptable thresholds, the pace of increase raises questions about sustainability.

The challenge for policymakers, therefore, is striking a balance: borrowing to stimulate growth without tipping the economy into unsustainable debt.

As the MTDS sets the tone for the years ahead, Nigeria’s ability to execute reforms, manage expenditure, and broaden its revenue base will determine whether today’s fiscal pressures evolve into tomorrow’s crisis—or remain a manageable burden on the path to economic recovery.

Nigerian Varsity Basketball Player Dies During Training In The Philippines

PDP Zoning: Makinde, Obi And The Battle For 2027

When the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) gathered for its 102nd National Executive Committee (NEC) meeting in Abuja, the resolutions that emerged were not entirely surprising, yet they set the tone for what promises to be another round of political intrigue ahead of the 2027 general elections.

The party resolved to zone its presidential ticket to the South, a move that instantly placed Oyo State Governor, Seyi Makinde, and other southern aspirants in pole position to challenge President Bola Tinubu at the next polls. In the same breath, NEC confirmed Umar Damagum as substantive National Chairman and upheld the zoning formula that preserves current National Working Committee (NWC) arrangements ahead of the November 2025 convention in Ibadan.

A Familiar Pattern of Disputes

For close to a decade, zoning has shaped the PDP’s fortunes, often triggering internal discord. In 2015, northern members opposed Goodluck Jonathan’s re-election bid, insisting power must return to their region. Their revolt weakened the party and paved the way for the All Progressives Congress (APC) to claim power.

A similar episode played out in 2023 when the G-5 governors, led by Nyesom Wike, resisted Atiku Abubakar’s candidacy, arguing that the South deserved consideration after eight years of Muhammadu Buhari. The resulting division deepened the party’s electoral woes.

From leadership tussles to high-profile defections—including those of David Mark, Dino Melaye, and Gabriel Suswam—disputes over zoning have repeatedly pushed the PDP to the brink.

NEC’s Calculated Move

On Monday, Bayelsa State Governor, Douye Diri, presented the zoning committee’s report to NEC. The communiqué, read by PDP National Publicity Secretary, Debo Ologunagba, confirmed that national offices would remain in their existing regional blocs, with the presidential ticket zoned southward.

The decision effectively silenced speculations and opened the door for a southern contest. Makinde, who has long been tipped as a frontrunner, now stands alongside other potential aspirants—among them former President Goodluck Jonathan and ex-Anambra Governor, Peter Obi.

Ologunagba noted that NEC commended the work of party organs in preparing for the 2025 convention and reaffirmed Damagum’s leadership in stabilising the PDP. In a pointed criticism of the ruling party, he accused the APC of “state capture” through intimidation and manipulation in recent by-elections, warning against what he described as an attempt to impose a one-party state.

Obi, Wike and the South’s Calculus

While the PDP’s zoning resolution appears to vindicate Wike—who had long insisted that the 2023 arrangement undermined southern chances—it also reignites questions about Peter Obi’s next move.

Obi, who left the PDP for Labour Party ahead of the last election, has held a series of quiet meetings with Atiku Abubakar and other opposition figures. His loyalists maintain that he needs time to weigh his options, particularly with Labour’s November governorship race looming.

Tanko Yunusa, national coordinator of the Obidient Movement, told The PUNCH that Obi would “study the dynamics” before making any declaration. Still, many within PDP see his return as a potential game-changer, especially with southern zoning now in place.

Within the PDP, reactions are mixed. While Makinde’s aides argue that the governor has “paid his dues” and kept the party afloat during turbulent years, some chieftains warn that zoning to the South may inadvertently boost Tinubu’s chances of re-election.

Former presidential candidate, Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim, described the decision as “a default campaign for Tinubu,” contending that those pushing the zoning agenda may ultimately back the incumbent.

Yet party elders such as Adolphus Wabara, chairman of the Board of Trustees, insist the PDP must embrace unity, sacrifice, and reconciliation if it is to offer Nigerians a credible alternative. “The hopes of millions are tied to our capacity to rebuild and reconcile,” he said.

APC’s Counterpoint

Predictably, the APC has dismissed PDP’s zoning as inconsequential. Its Director of Publicity, Bala Ibrahim, argued that Tinubu’s “national outlook” and performance would secure his re-election regardless of where PDP fields its candidate.

“The issue is not zoning,” he declared. “The APC will beat them hands down because it is meeting the expectations of Nigerians, while PDP failed the people when it had the chance.”

With the November convention in Ibadan approaching, the PDP faces a critical test of cohesion. Its decision to zone the 2027 ticket southward may calm old grievances, but it also raises fresh questions: Will Obi return to the fold? Can Makinde consolidate support across regions? And will zoning, once again, become the party’s undoing?

For a party that has struggled to reconcile internal divisions since 2015, the answers to these questions may determine whether the PDP emerges as a credible challenger in 2027—or continues its descent into political irrelevance.

Interswitch Empowers Gaming Operators With Tech-Driven Solutions For Smarter Operations

Interswitch Empowers Gaming Operators With Tech-Driven Solutions For Smarter Operations

As part of its ongoing drive to optimise financial transactions across key sectors, Interswitch, one of Africa’s leading integrated payments and digital commerce companies, is transforming Nigeria’s gaming landscape with the introduction of a bespoke suite of payment and collection solutions. Unveiled at an exclusive industry event themed “Beating the Odds: Innovation and Solutions for Smarter Betting Operations,” the new offerings are tailored to optimise payment flows, simplify collections, enable instant payouts, and personalise the player experience through reliable, tech-driven processes.

Hosted at the Radisson Blu Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos, the session convened key stakeholders, regulators, and operators from across the gaming ecosystem, all seeking smarter, more efficient ways to serve Nigeria’s fast-growing digital-first consumer base.

With a deep understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities in the gaming sector, Interswitch’s integrated solutions are designed to boost operational efficiency, streamline collections, and improve customer satisfaction through seamless transactions, faster payouts, and personalised rewards.

In his welcome address, Osasere Atohengbe, Vice President, Sales and Account Management, Interswitch, reaffirmed the company’s commitment to empowering businesses with intelligent and scalable solutions. He said:

“At Interswitch, our mission is to enable businesses with the right tools to thrive. We see technology as a powerful enabler, not just for gaming operators, but also for the players who expect fast, secure, and frictionless experiences. With our integrated suite of payment and collection solutions, we’re helping gaming platforms simplify backend operations, from reconciliation and payouts to collections and tracking, ultimately unlocking greater value and scalability in today’s competitive market.”

Delivering the keynote address, Adetoun Adeyemi, Director of Legal, Lagos State Lotteries and Gaming Authority, who represented Bashir Are, Chief Executive Officer, Lagos State Lotteries and Authority, lauded the initiative and emphasised its potential to transforming the entire gaming ecosystem:

“We are truly excited about the potential of Interswitch’s Integrated Solutions Suite to significantly impact the gaming industry. These innovations will not only provide operators with smarter, more efficient tools but also empower us, as regulators, to foster a transparent, compliant, and well-structured ecosystem. This initiative supports our collective goal of building a responsible and well-structured gaming industry in Lagos State.”

At the core of the offering is the Interswitch Payment Gateway, which facilitates seamless, real-time payments across a wide range of channels, including cards, bank transfers, USSD, Quickteller, Google Pay, OPay, and more, via a single, unified integration. This simplifies onboarding and transaction processing for operators while elevating the payment experience for end-users across touchpoints.

Also featured is the Interswitch collections platform, Paydirect, a multi-channel collection platform that allows operators to accept payments through online platforms, physical bank branches, agent networks, and Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals. All transactions are consolidated into a centralised dashboard, enabling simplified tracking, real-time monitoring, and error-free reconciliation.

To support real-time disbursements, the Quickteller-powered funds transfer service allows operators to instantly pay winnings or transfer funds to bank accounts across Nigeria. This not only fosters trust but also improves player satisfaction by ensuring timely settlements. Also integral to the suite of solutions is the Static Virtual Account (Pay with Transfer) feature, which assigns unique virtual account numbers to individual customers. This innovation eliminates referencing errors, simplifies deposit identification, and enables automated reconciliation, giving operators greater visibility, control, and accuracy in managing inflows.  

Beyond payments, Interswitch showcased an expanded portfolio of business-enabling solutions designed to drive operational efficiency, enhance customer engagement, and improve user experience for gaming operators. The Interswitch Corporate 360 (IC360) platform was highlighted as a comprehensive tool that consolidates financial operations, covering everything from tax compliance and vendor payments to real-time account visibility and ERP integration, helping operators streamline processes and reduce redundancy.

In addition, Interswitch’s Enterprise Rewards Solution offers a digital rewards platform that incentivises customer behaviour with instant airtime, data, vouchers, and other perks, backed by intelligent analytics for targeted engagement. The USSD and offline solutions ensure uninterrupted access to gaming services even without internet connectivity, reducing transaction drop-offs, while the Salary Lending Solution provides employees of partner firms with quick, short-term salary advances via Quickteller.

Complementing these offerings, the broader suite also incorporates advanced tools such as Digital Escrow Services for secure transactions, Fraud Management Systems to mitigate risks, and API Integration Tools that enable seamless incorporation of Interswitch’s capabilities into operators’ existing infrastructure. Together, these solutions underscore Interswitch’s commitment to delivering not only smarter payments but also comprehensive business enablement for gaming operators.

Through its combination of cutting-edge payment solutions and a wide array of operational tools, Interswitch is redefining the future of Nigeria’s gaming industry. With smarter, tech-enabled operations, the company is empowering gaming operators to enhance compliance, increase efficiency, and build deeper relationships with customers.

By leading conversations on smarter payment solutions and enabling tech-powered growth in gaming, Interswitch is reinforcing its role as a trusted partner in shaping the future of digital financial services, not only in Nigeria but across Africa.

Crude Oil Prices Rally On Supply Risks Following Ukraine’s Drone Strikes

Week 9 Pool Result For Sat 30, Aug 2025, UK 2025/2026

Week 9 Pool Fixtures for Sat 3 Sept 2022 – UK 2022/2023

Week 9 pool results 2025: Football pools results, live football pool result today, pool result today saturday matches, pool results for this week, british and aussie pool result, football pools results and fixtures, pools panel results today, pool panel results and live score pool result today. We publish half-time results first of its kind.

Week 9 Pool Results: Football pools results for this week 9 2025 are published on this website immediately after full-time confirmation of live score results. We also publish the outcome of postponed matches by the football pools panel at half-time as decided by the football pools. This week’s Week 9 Pool Results are made available in partnership with Bizwatch Nigeria. Stay tuned for reliable and accurate updates throughout the week.

WEEK: 9; SEASON: UK 2025/2026; DATE: 30-August-2025
№Football Pools ResultsHTFTStatus
1BrightonMan City-:--:-Sunday
2ChelseaFulham-:--:-EKO
3LeedsNewcastle-:--:-LKO
4LiverpoolArsenal-:--:-Sunday
5Man UnitedBurnley-:--:-Saturday
6Nott’m For.West Ham-:--:-Sunday
7SunderlandBrentford-:--:-Saturday
8TottenhamBournemouth-:--:-Saturday
9WolvesEverton-:--:-Saturday
10BlackburnNorwich-:--:-Saturday
11Bristol C.Hull-:--:-Saturday
12IpswichDerby-:--:-Saturday
13MiddlesbroSheff Utd.-:--:-EKO
14MillwallWrexham-:--:-Saturday
15Oxford Utd.Coventry-:--:-Saturday
16PortsmouthPreston-:--:-Saturday
17Q.P.R.Charlton-:--:-EKO
18Sheff Wed.Swansea-:--:-Saturday
19StokeWest Brom-:--:-EKO
20WatfordSouthampton-:--:-Saturday
21BarnsleyHuddersfield-:--:-Saturday
22BlackpoolBolton-:--:-Saturday
23Bradford C.A.Wimbledon-:--:-Saturday
24Burton A.Luton-:--:-Saturday
25CardiffPlymouth-:--:-EKO
26DoncasterRotherham-:--:-EKO
27ExeterPeterboro-:--:-Saturday
28Leyton O.Northampton-:--:-Saturday
29LincolnMansfield-:--:-Saturday
30ReadingPort Vale-:--:-Saturday
31StevenageWycombe-:--:-Saturday
32Wigan A.Stockport-:--:-Saturday
33BarnetColchester-:--:-Saturday
34BarrowFleetwood-:--:-EKO
35BromleyHarrogate-:--:-Saturday
36Cambridge U.Newport Co.-:--:-Saturday
37ChesterfieldCrawley-:--:-Saturday
38CreweSwindon-:--:-EKO
39GrimsbyBristol R.-:--:-Saturday
40Milton K.D.Walsall-:--:-Saturday
41OldhamGillingham-:--:-Saturday
42ShrewsburyAccrington-:--:-Saturday
43TranmereNotts Co.-:--:-Saturday
44AberdeenFalkirk-:--:-Sunday
45DundeeDundee Utd.-:--:-Sunday
46HibernianSt Mirren-:--:-Sunday
47LivingstonHearts-:--:-Saturday
48MotherwellKilmarnock-:--:-Saturday
49RangersCeltic-:--:-Sunday

Crude Oil Prices Rally On Supply Risks Following Ukraine’s Drone Strikes

Oil Prices Drop, Here's Why

Global crude oil prices experienced a modest uptick early Monday amid growing concerns over supply disruptions triggered by recent drone attacks targeting Russian energy infrastructure.

Brent crude futures edged up 0.07% to trade at $67.37 per barrel, slightly higher than the previous close of $67.32. Meanwhile, the U.S. benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) saw a 0.08% increase to $63.71, up from $63.66.

The escalation emerged after Ukrainian drones struck the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia, igniting a fire and damaging a transformer. The incident forced a 50% output reduction at one of the plant’s reactors, as confirmed by the facility’s press office early Sunday. The Kursk facility is critical, supplying power to 19 regions within Russia’s Central Federal District.

Further compounding supply fears, a fire broke out at the terminal in Ust-Luga, in Russia’s Leningrad region near St. Petersburg, following drone attacks. Regional Governor Aleksandr Drozdenko reported that 10 Ukrainian drones were intercepted over the port area close to the Estonian border. Novatek, Russia’s natural gas producer overseeing operations at the terminal, has commenced repairs post-incident.

Ukraine’s military and security forces confirmed damage inflicted on the Ust-Luga terminal, describing it as a vital logistics hub facilitating Russia’s energy exports via the Baltic Sea. The terminal reportedly supports a “shadow fleet” circumventing oil sanctions imposed on Moscow.

Meanwhile, former U.S. President Donald Trump announced intentions to evaluate progress toward resolving the Russia-Ukraine conflict within two weeks, hinting at potential new sanctions on Russia.

These geopolitical developments, combined with dovish remarks from U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell at the Jackson Hole symposium, where expectations soared for a September interest rate cut, bolstered crude demand sentiment. Lower rates typically encourage economic growth and energy consumption, further underpinning oil prices.

FG Approves New Debt Management Strategy For 2024–2027

Nigerian Varsity Basketball Player Dies During Training In The Philippines

The University of the Philippines (UP) community has been plunged into mourning following the sudden death of its Nigerian basketball recruit, Israel Osamudiame Friday.

The 19-year-old athlete collapsed on Tuesday during a training session at the Varsity Training Centre in Diliman. He was rushed to a nearby hospital but was later pronounced dead by attending doctors.

Friday, who would have turned 20 on September 6, had recently joined the Fighting Maroons basketball program as one of its newest recruits.

Confirming the tragedy, Bo Perasol, Director of the UP Office for Athletics and Sports Development, said the entire university was in shock.

“UP is heartbroken to confirm that one of our newest recruits, Israel Osamudiame, collapsed during practice yesterday. He was immediately brought to a nearby hospital where, despite the efforts of medical personnel, he passed away,” Perasol said.

He added that the school is offering full support to the young player’s family during this difficult time.

“UP is in close contact with his family and is extending its full support. We ask everyone to respect their privacy as they grieve this painful loss,” he stated.

Standing at 6-foot-10, Friday was a promising forward from Abuja, Nigeria. Before transferring to UP, he played for Centro Escolar University’s Scorpions in the Universities and Colleges Athletic League.

Though he was expected to sit out a one-year residency before competing in UAAP Season 89, his size, talent, and potential had already drawn attention, marking him as one of the most promising young frontcourt players in Philippine college basketball.

Nigerian Government Bond Yields Climb Ahead Of New Auction Supply

Nigerian Government Bond Yields Climb Ahead Of New Auction Supply

Ahead of Monday’s primary market auction introducing fresh securities, yields on Nigerian government bonds edged higher by eight basis points, signaling investor cautiousness. Trading activity in the secondary market showed fluctuations, while authorities successfully raised approximately N1.2 trillion through Open Market Operations (OMO) and Treasury bill sales.

Market participants concluded the week on a subdued bearish tone, reflecting apprehension over the unexpectedly high stop rates seen in the recent Nigerian Treasury bills auction. Analysts specializing in fixed income noted that sentiment was mildly negative during most trading sessions.

Most transactions centered around mid-duration bonds maturing between 2029 and 2033. However, overall turnover remained modest, according to investment firm AIICO Capital Limited. Early-week trading displayed mixed movements, with some pressure observed on the short and mid ends of the yield curve. Later in the week, selling interest intensified on benchmark papers such as those due in 2031, 2032, and 2033, exerting upward pressure on yields.

There was sporadic demand for longer-dated issues like May 2033 and February 2034 bonds, but volumes were limited. Investors were also cautious due to the recent release of the August 2025 FGN Bond Offer Circular, presenting an offer size of N200 billion.

Consequently, the average bond yield increased by 8 basis points to reach 16.7%. Yield increments were observed across the yield curve: short tenors rose by 2 basis points, mid-curve climbed 11 basis points, and long-term bonds saw a 5 basis point increase. Significant sell-offs in APR-2029 (+42 bps), FEB-2031 (+24 bps), and JUN-2038 (+38 bps) were noted, contributing to the upward trajectory.

Looking ahead, analysts at Cordros Capital Limited project a gradual easing of yields moderated by anticipated dovish stances in monetary policy and evolving supply-demand fundamentals. The Debt Management Office (DMO) is set to reopen bond issues worth between N80 billion and N100 billion and debuted a new borrowing instrument at similar offer sizes. Upcoming sales include a new August 2030 issue and a reopening of the June 2032 bond, each with a target of N100 billion. Experts believe that upward adjustments in yields may be constrained by ongoing disinflation trends.

The DMO remains committed to lowering borrowing costs by reducing spot rates on government bonds, aiming to optimize debt servicing expenses. Market participants are expected to maintain a cautious approach as liquidity conditions are evaluated ahead of the forthcoming FGN bond auction.

Priscilla Ojo And Juma Jux Welcome Baby Boy In Canada

NLC Rejects Planned Pay Rise for Political Office Holders, Warns of Wider Inequality

The Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) has asked the Federal Government to suspend plans for an upward review of remuneration packages for political office holders, describing the proposal as “insensitive, unjust and inequitable.”

In a statement issued on Sunday and signed by its President, Joe Ajaero, the union warned that the move could spark public outrage, deepen inequality, and entrench political office as a sanctuary for wealth rather than service.

The NLC called for full disclosure of the current earnings of political office holders, as well as the benchmarks being used for the review by the Revenue Mobilisation Allocation and Fiscal Commission (RMAFC). It urged the commission to halt the exercise “before it triggers a tsunami,” stressing that the justification offered by RMAFC Chairman, Mohammed Usman, was “ill-advised and puerile.”

According to the union, the arguments ignore the “humongous advantages” already attached to public office, including allowances and perquisites, while ordinary Nigerians—millions of whom have been categorised as multi-dimensionally poor—are left with “hopes and dreams.”

The NLC also questioned the timing of the proposed review, noting that promotions and salary increments remain frozen across many public subsectors, while workers continue to grapple with inflation, steep tariff hikes, and a minimum wage of ₦70,000.

“We recall the last time a wage review (not minimum wage) was done for civil servants, it was not more than 50 per cent. However, when that of political office holders was done a year or so later, it was in excess of 800 per cent,” the statement read.

The congress further criticised the uniform pay structure for political office holders, pointing out that councillors in states with widely differing revenue profiles—such as Yobe and Rivers—earn the same salaries, while civil servants’ pay varies by location.

While acknowledging the importance of fair compensation, the union insisted that any review must be across board. “One of the most heinous crimes against humanity is the institution and promotion of apartheid in any human setting, no matter how subtle,” it added.

Several civil society groups have also joined calls for the suspension of the proposed adjustment.

Meanwhile, the RMAFC has defended the exercise, noting that the President earns about ₦1.8 million monthly, while ministers take home less than ₦1 million.

FAAC Reconciliation: NNPC, FIRS, Others Remit ₦1.49 Trillion Arrears In Six Months

FAAC Reconciliation: NNPC, FIRS, Others Remit ₦1.49 Trillion Arrears In Six Months

Nigeria’s Federation Account has received ₦1.49 trillion in reconciled arrears from revenue-generating agencies in the first half of 2025, fresh data from the Federation Accounts Allocation Committee (FAAC) has revealed.

According to the FAAC Post-Mortem Sub-Committee (PMSC), which reviews inflows from statutory agencies, the remittances came from reconciled arrears previously owed by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC), the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), and other agencies.

Between January and June 2025, the arrears totalled exactly ₦1,490,778,578,480.61, averaging over ₦248 billion monthly and providing additional fiscal space at a time of growing debt service obligations.

January recorded the highest inflow at ₦367.37 billion, followed by ₦227.15 billion in February, ₦175.99 billion in March, and ₦259.85 billion in April. The trend slowed to ₦247.05 billion in May and ₦213.37 billion in June.

For June alone, FAAC confirmed a reconciled arrears payment of $41.07 million (₦213.37 billion at the official exchange rate of ₦1,528.705/$) alongside local currency receipts of ₦150.59 billion. This comprised $5.19 million (₦7.92 billion) from FIRS in Petroleum Profit Tax arrears, $35.43 million (₦54.15 billion) from NUPRC’s royalty arrears, $459,226 (₦702.9 million) from NNPC’s joint venture royalty, and ₦150.59 billion from NUPRC royalty receipts.

Despite the inflows, the report warned that much larger sums remain outstanding. At an inter-agency reconciliation meeting in August 2025, unresolved arrears were put at $78.23 million and ₦1.72 trillion from FIRS/NNPC, alongside ₦2.32 trillion owed by other agencies—bringing the outstanding figure to about ₦6.75 trillion.

Of this, NNPC alone accounted for $11.24 million and ₦164.7 billion, while NUPRC/NNPC jointly owed $66.99 million. Additional liabilities included ₦1.72 trillion linked to FIRS/NNPC reconciliation and ₦2.03 trillion from other statutory bodies.

The document further disclosed unresolved arrears of about ₦2.54 trillion dating back before June 2023. These older balances have been referred to the Stakeholders’ Alignment Committee and the FAAC Sub-Committee for further reconciliation, pending a technical review by the Ministry of Finance.

The reconciliation exercise, officials noted, is part of ongoing efforts to strengthen accountability in public finance and close loopholes in agency remittances.

For years, FAAC allocations to the federal, state, and local governments have been hampered by underpayments, with NNPC frequently accused of withholding funds or delaying transfers. Tensions over its revenue declarations—especially deductions for subsidies, pipeline repairs, and joint venture obligations—have repeatedly stalled FAAC meetings.

The problem escalated in 2022 and 2023, when large arrears piled up as unremitted balances. The current reconciliation drive is aimed at clearing the backlog and ensuring revenues due to the Federation are fully captured and distributed among the three tiers of government.

How Social Media Histories Could Decide Nigerians’ American Dream

Nigerian Equities Stabilize On China, Japan Partnerships Ahead Of Tuesday’s GDP

Decline In Nigeria's Equity Market Creating Entry Opportunity For Investors - Analysts

Nigerian equities showed signs of stabilization, with the NGX All Share Index rising 0.48% to 141,004.14 points on Friday. Gains were broad-based, led by electronic technology, consumer durables, and health technology, while commercial services, non-energy minerals, and producer manufacturing lagged.

Top performers included BUA Foods, Guaranty Trust Holding, Zenith Bank, and International Breweries, while MTN Nigeria Communications, Dangote Cement, and Aradel ended unchanged, and Lafarge Cement and Stanbic IBTC Holdings closed lower.

Nigeria strengthened strategic ties with Japan at the Ninth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD 9), securing a USD 190 million renewable energy loan from JICA and advancing grid expansions, new substations, and off-grid solutions. These initiatives may support the local stock market by boosting industrial productivity, utilities, and renewable energy sectors.

Meanwhile, the Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA) also signed a two-year Long-Term Strategic Framework Agreement with the Global Cooperation Promotion Research Centre (GCPRC) to modernize roads and deepen Nigeria-China collaboration. Joint project planning, technology transfer, and capacity building could benefit domestic equities in the construction, materials, and engineering services sector.

Looking ahead, market participants await Nigeria’s Q2 GDP figures. In Q1 2025, the economy grew 3.13% YoY, led by services and industry, while the oil sector slowed to 1.87% and agriculture rebounded slightly. A stronger GDP could support industrial and consumer sectors, while a weaker reading may weigh on cyclical areas such as manufacturing and oil.

Barcelona Stage Stunning Comeback To Beat Levante 3-2

BizWatch Nigeria: News of the Week in 5 Minutes | Sun, 10th August – Sat, 16th August, 2025

From major business shifts to political highlights, tech buzz, and social trends, we’ve wrapped up the week’s hottest stories in just 5 minutes.

No long talk, just the news you need to stay sharp and informed.

🎥 Hit play and catch up now!

#BizWatchWeekly #NigeriaNews #TopStories #NewsIn5 #Politics #Business #Economy #Tech #ViralUpdates #StayInformed #TrendingNow #FYP #MustWatch #NewsRecap #SmartNews #YouTubeShorts

🎥 Watch here –

Bizwatch Nigeria: News of the Week in 5 Minutes | Sun, 3rd August – Sat, 9th August, 2025

From key economic updates to viral stories making waves across Nigeria, this week’s roundup brings you all the top headlines in just 5 minutes.

Straight to the point, no fluff, just the news you need to stay informed and ahead.

🎥 Hit play and get caught up now!

#BizWatchWeekly #NigeriaNews #TopStories #NewsIn5 #Politics #Business #Economy #Tech #ViralUpdates #StayInformed #TrendingNow #FYP #MustWatch #NewsRecap #SmartNews #YouTubeShorts

🎥 Watch here

How Social Media Histories Could Decide Nigerians’ American Dream

…The new reality of visa application

The United States has long been a beacon of hope for countless Nigerians aspiring to study, work, or reunite with loved ones abroad. Today, however, digital footprints, not just academic or financial credentials, sit at the centre of many migration journeys.

Nigerian (and other) visa applicants are now required to submit five years of social media history via the DS-160 form, listing usernames across platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (X), LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, and more. The rule applies to both immigrant and non-immigrant visa categories, including study, work, and exchange visas. For certain categories, specifically F (student), M (vocational), and J (exchange), applicants must additionally make their social media accounts public for consular review.

Their content may then be screened for indicators such as “hostility toward U.S. values,” support for extremist groups, antisemitic rhetoric, political activism, and any inconsistencies with application materials.

 The U.S. government frames this as a necessary component of modern security protocols—intended to verify identity and flag potential threats or misrepresentations. Failure to disclose accurate social media information—or refusal to make accounts public- can lead to visa denial, additional administrative processing, or even longer-term ineligibility for future visas.

On the other hand, national security is a legitimate concern. Ensuring the integrity of visa issuance is crucial, particularly in a world where online behaviour can reflect radical or unlawful associations. Yet, this surveillance model is deeply flawed when applied indiscriminately to law-abiding applicants. Casting a wide net over personal expression risks ensnaring individuals whose social media merely reflects normal political opinions, cultural commentary, or youthful experiments.

Privacy is a right, not a luxury. By forcing applicants to make private accounts public, the policy erases personal boundaries and exposes individuals—and their associates—to risks ranging from identity theft to political vulnerability in unstable contexts. The internet’s permanence means that early-career or unfiltered reflections may now weigh heavily in a consular decision made years later. Moreover, the opacity of the review process is alarming. Applicants do not know which posts might flag “hostility” or “ideological divergence.” With no clear standards, decisions can hinge on subjective interpretations—a dangerous proposition for anyone seeking entry.

Seen through the lens of civil liberties, this policy is not just about visas; it is a statement on surveillance in the digital age. If one’s social media can determine travel eligibility, the boundary between public life and government scrutiny has irreversibly blurred.

Ultimately, while states must safeguard borders, they must also uphold the freedoms that define them. A system that punishes dissent or privacy under the guise of vetting invites a quiet erosion of democratic values. Nigeria’s digital citizens deserve transparency, fairness, and respect—not inference by algorithm and assumption.

FG Approves New Debt Management Strategy For 2024–2027
1...100101102...3,016Page 101 of 3,016
© 2025 - BizWatchNigeria.Ng
BizWatchNigeria.Ng
Powered by  GDPR Cookie Compliance
Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.